Die Ehrfurcht gegen Gott und seinen heiligen Dienst machte namentlich bei dem erhabensten Gottesdienste, bei der Feier der heiligen Messe, eine eigene, von der alltäglichen verschiedene Kleidung notwendig. Im Alten Bunde waren die priesterlichen Gewänder von Gott selbst, im Neuen aber sind sie von der Kirche auf’s genaueste vorgeschrieben und seit den apostolischen Zeiten in Gebrauch. Es sind folgende:
1) Das Humerale oder Schultertuch, welches der Priester über jein Haupt wirft und dann um seinen Hals legt. Dieses bedeutet das leinene Tuch, mit welchem die Juden im Hause des Kaiphas Christi Angesicht bedeckt haben, indem sie höhnend sagten: „Weissage uns, Christus, wer Dich geschlagen hat.“
2) Die Albe, ein bis zu den Füßen hinabreichendes Linnenkleid. Sie bedeutet das weiße Kleid, das Christo im Hause des Herodes spottweise ist angelegt worden.
3) Der leinene Gürtel (Zingulum), womit der Priester sich umgürtet, bedeutet den Strick, womit die Juden Christum am Ölberge gebunden und gefangen fortgeführt haben.
4) Der Manipel, ein Armgehänge in Form einer kleinen Stola, bedeutet die Banden, womit Christus an seinem Arm gebunden worden.
5) Die Stola, eine lange, etwa handbreite Binde, welche der Priester um seinen Hals trägt und vorne kreuzweise über seine Brust bindet, bedeutet die Kette, welche Christo nach seiner Verurteilung um den Hals gelegt worden ist.
6 Die Casula, oder das Messgewand sinnbildet uns das Pupurkleid, welches Christo bei seiner Krönung von den gottlosen Soldaten spottweise ist umgehangen worden. Das Kreuz auf dem Messgewande bedeutet das Kreuz, an welches Christus genagelt worden. Die Säule vorn auf dem Messgewand erinnert an die Säule, an welcher Christus gegeißelt worden ist.
7) Das Birett. Mit ihm bedeckt der Priester sein Haupt, wenn er zum Altare und von da zurückschreitet als Sinnbild seiner Autorität und Würde in der Kirche.
Du wirst gewiss auch schon beobachtet haben, mein lieber Leser, dass die Farbe des Messgewandes oft wechselt und der Priester bei der Feier des hl. Opfers bald eine weiße, bald eine rote, auch wohl eine grüne oder violette oder eine schwarze Kasel trägt. Auch diese verschiedenen Farben des Messgewandes haben ihre sinnvolle Bedeutung.
Die weiße Farbe, als Farbe des Lichtes, ist ein Zeichen der Freude und der Unschuld. Darum trägt der Priester das weiße Messgewand an den Festen des Herrn, der da ist die Duelle des Lichtes und die Ursache unserer Freude; an den Festen der Mutter Gottes, die uns Jesum Christum, das Licht der Welt, geboren hat und in ihrer makellosen Reinheit die Königin der Jungfrauen ist; an den Festen der Engel, die im ewigen Lichte wohnen, und an den Festen Heiligen, welche nicht Martyrer sind.
Die rote Farbe, als Farbe des Feuers und des Blutes, und Sinnbild der Gottes- und Nächstenliebe. Darum wir das hl. Messopfer in roter Farbe gefeiert zu Ehren des hl. Geistes, der die Flamme der göttlichen Liebe in unsern Herzen entzündet. Sodann an allen Festen der Martyrer, die aus Liebe zu Gott ihr Blut vergossen, und an jenen Tagen, welche mit dem Leiden oder mit dem Kreuze des Herrn und mit den Werkzeugen des bittern Leidens in Verbindung stehen.
Die grüne Farbe, ein Bild der Hoffnung und unserer Sehnsucht nach einem bessern und glücklichern Zustande im jenseitigen Leben, ist die eigentliche Farbe des Kirchenjahres; wegen der vielen Feste kommt sie aber selten in Gebrauch, hauptsächlich an den Sonntagen nach dem hl. Pfingstfeste.
Violett ist die Kirchenfarbe für die Bußzeiten, also für den Advent und für die Fastenzeit vom Sonntage Septuagesima an gerechnet, und für die Vigil- und Quatembertage die einfallenden Feste ausgenommen).
Schwarz, die Farbe der Trauer, trägt der Priester in allen Seelenmessen und am Todestage des Herrn, am Karfreitage, aus Trauer und Leid über unsere Sünden, welche den Sohn Gottes an das Kreuz geschlagen haben.
Das sind die fünf verschiedenen Kirchenfarben. Je nachdem du dieselben am Messgewande erblickst, möchten sie bei dir, o christlicher Leser, die verschiedenen Seelenstimmungen andeuten und hervorrufen, in welchen du dem hl. Messopfer beiwohnen sollst.
Quelle: „Erklärung des hl. Messopfers“ – P. Martin Cochem – 1894
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